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1.

Enumeration

and
Connects multiple nouns, indicating a list or group without specifying order.
Example
  • 초가집에는 어머니와 어린 삼 남매가 살았다.
    In the straw-thatched house lived a mother and her three young siblings.
  • 대만과 일본은 사이가 좋다.
    Taiwan and Japan are on good terms.
Related to
2.

Companionship

together, with
Indicates that an action involves more than one party or that something is done together with someone or something else.
Example
  • 너와 난 평생을 함께할 친구야.
    You and I are friends for the rest of our lives.
  • 친구와 같이 갔어요.
    I went with my friend.

Usage

  • 와 is used in front of a word ending in a vowel.
  • 과 is used in front of a word ending in a consonant.

N+와/과 vs N+랑/이랑 vs N+하고

와/과
  • Preferred in writing, presentations and speeches.
랑/이랑
  • Preferred in everyday conversations.
하고
  • Preferred in everyday conversations.

All three grammar points are both used to list things and correspond to "together with" in English.

Note for when used for listing thing:

  • Although N+하고 and N+랑/이랑 can be added to the final noun in a list, N+와/과 cannot.
  • Although they can be used interchangeably to list things, they cannot be mixed in the same sentence.
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