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V+(으)ㄴ가(요), 나(요)

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1.

Soft question

It can be use to ask a question in a polite and gentle way.
Example
  • 여러분도 혹시 명상을 하시나요?
    Do you guys also happen to meditate?
  • 이거 환불 되나요?
    Can I get a refund for this?
  • 지금 기다리는 사람이 많은가요?
    Are there many people waiting now?
  • 이 소포를 어디로 보내실 건가요?
    Where are you going to send this package?
2.

Pondering

I wonder, Assuming
Expresses the speaker's speculation, curiosity or assumption about something.
Example
  • 그 아이는 자라면 언젠가 범인이 되나?
    When that kid grows up, I wonder if they'll become a criminal someday.
  • 내가 좋은 사람인가? 정말 이게 옳은 길이나?
    Am I a good person? Is this really the right path?
TenseForm
Present (descriptive verb)-(으)ㄴ가(요)
Present (action verb)-나(요)
Past (all)-(았/었)나(요)
Future (all)-(으)ㄹ 건가(요)

Usage

  • When pondering with 나(요), it takes a more literary or poetic tone. Often for internal monologue or narration.
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