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1.

Asking about the past

Used exclusively in 하게체 to ask the listener about a past event. 하게체 is a register of speech that slightly lowers the listener and is falling out of fashion as of recently. It sounds extremely awkward when used by younger people.
Example
  • 식당이 맛있던가?
    Was that restaurant good?
  • 뭐라고 하던가?
    What did she say?
2.

Asking oneself about the past

Used to wonder to oneself about something in the past or to make a guess about a past event.
Example
  • 내가 그랬던가?
    Did I say that?
  • 둘이 그렇게 친했던가?
    Were they really that close?
  • 혹시 내가 기분을 좋게 했던가 해서 걱정했지.
    I was worried that maybe I had hurt your feelings.

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