Used to express a reason or cause, often implying a contrast or rhetorical question.
Example
그는열심히노력했거늘왜실패했을까?
Considering that he worked hard, why did he fail?
봄이되었거늘날씨가아직도춥다.
Even though it's spring, the weather is still cold.
경고를받았거늘또같은실수를하다니.
Considering that you were warned, you made the same mistake again.
Usage
V+거늘 is primarily used in literary, formal, or poetic contexts and is considered archaic in modern spoken Korean, so the examples should be treated as references rather than common usages in modern conversation.
It often sets up a contrast between the expected outcome and the actual situation.
Commonly used in proverbs or traditional expressions.
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